Early periods of Isaac Newton
Newton was born in Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, hamlet in
countyLincolnshire born prematurely, at which time a premature baby is not
expected presence in the world. His
father, Isaac, died three months before the birth of Newton, and two years
later his mother, Hannah Ayscough Newton, married to another man and left
Newton with his grandmother. Newton is a smart kid.
Based on the statement E.T. Bell (1937, Simon and Schuster)
and H. Eves:
"Newton start school while living with his grandmother
in the village and then sent to a local language school in Grantham where he
ended up being the smartest kid in school. At
school in Grantham he lived in a boarding-owned local pharmacist named William
Clarke. Before
you continue studying at Cambridge University at the age of 19, Newton had a
love with adoptive brother William Clarke, Anne Storer. Newton
currently focusing on teaching, his love story with even more uncertain and
ultimately Storer married someone else. Many
menegatakan that he, Newton, always remember the love story is never mentioned,
although later Newton had a girlfriend and never even married.
Since the age of 12 to 17 years, Newton was educated at
The Kings School school located in Grantham (his signature is still there in
the school library). His
family issued a Newton of a school on the grounds that he was a farmer alone,
however, Newton did not look like his new job. But
in the end after convincing his mother's family and with the help of his uncle
and mentor, Newton can finish school at the age of 18 years with a satisfactory
score.
In the boy he showed real prowess in the field of
mechanics and extremely deft use of his hands. Although
children with a brilliant brain, at school seemed reluctant and did not attract
much attention. When
stepping puberty, her mother out of the school with the hope that his son could
be a good farmer. Fortunately
the mother can be persuaded, that the main talent lies not there.
At age eighteen he entered the University of Cambridge. This
is where Newton is lightning absorb what was then known to science and
mathematics and also quickly began doing its own investigation. Between
the ages of twenty-one and twenty-seven years he had laid the foundations of
the theory of knowledge which in turn then change the world.
Mid-17th century was a period of seeding science. The
discovery of the telescope near the beginning of the century has revolutionized
the entire opinion about astrology. English
philosopher Francis Bacon and the French philosopher Rene Descartes both call
upon scientists across Europe to no longer rely on the authority of Aristotle,
but to experiment and research on the basic point of departure and its own
purposes. What
is advanced by Bacon and Descartes, already practiced by the great Galileo. The
use of binoculars, a new discovery for astronomy research by Newton have
revolutionized the field investigation, and he did in the mechanics sector has
resulted in what is now known as "Newton's laws of motion" of the
first.
With a variety of scientific work accomplished, Newton
wrote a book Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, which is described
in the book about the theory of gravity in general, based on the discovery of
the laws of motion, where the object will be drawn down due to the force of
gravity. In
collaboration with Gottfried Leibniz, Newton developed the theory of calculus. Newton
was the first to explain the theory of motion and was instrumental in
formulating the circular motion of Kepler's laws, which Newton expand the law to
assume that the orbit is not circular motion must always form a perfect circle
(like elipse, hyperbola and parabola). Newton
discovered the color spectrum when experimenting with passing white light in a
prism, he also believes that the beam is a collection of particles. Newton
also developed a law of cooling in getting from binomial theory, and find a
principle of momentum and angular momentum.
Head of Academy of Sciences of Berlin opinion about
Newton: "Newton was a great genius ever existed and the most fortunate, we
can not find more of an established system for the world." [See Shapley.
Another great scientists, such as William Harvey,
discoverer of blood circulation affairs and governance inventor Johannes Kepler
motion of planets around the sun, presents very basic information for the
scholars. Even
so, pure science is still craze intellectuals, and still has not been
proven-when used in technology-that science can change the basic pattern of
human life as predicted by Francis Bacon.
Although Copernicus and Galileo had kicked aside some
stray assumptions about ancient knowledge and understanding that has served
more Genah about the universe, but none of the main ideas was that formulated
with carefully be capable of turning a pile sense landless and baseless as he
put them in a theory
that allows the development predictions more scientific. None
other than Isaac Newton is the man who could deliver a collection of neatly
summarized theory and laid the first stone of modern science which has now become
the current fad of people.
Newton himself somewhat reluctantly publish and announce
its findings. The
basic idea was drawn up long before 1669, but many new theories known to the
public for many years afterward. The
first publication of its discovery is concerned penjungkir reversal old
assumptions about things light. In
a series of careful experiments, Newton discovered the fact that what is
commonly called the "white light" is actually none other than that
contained a mixture of all the colors in the rainbow. And
he was very careful analysis of the consequences of the law of reflection and
refraction of light. Adhering
to this law she was-in 1668 - designed and well built the first reflecting
telescope, binoculars model used by most investigators kemintang star today. This
discovery, together with the results obtained in the field of optical
experiments that have been diperagakannya, presented by him to the British
royal research institute when he was twenty-nine years.
Newton's success in the field of optics have probably
been sufficient to put Newton on the order list this book. Meanwhile
there are still discoveries are less important in the field of pure mathematics
and in the field of mechanics. Greatest
offerings in the field of mathematics was his discovery of "integral
calculus" which may be solved when he was twenty-three or twenty-four
years. This
discovery is the most important works in the field of modern mathematics. Not
merely like a seed that grows thereof modern mathematical theory, but also
furniture inevitable that without the invention of modern knowledge advancement
that comes after is impossible.
Even Newton did not doing anything else, the discovery of
"integral calculus" it alone is sufficient to lead to a high ladder
in this list.
But Newton's discoveries is the most important in the
field of mechanics, knowledge about the movement of some object. Galileo
was the inventor of the first laws that describe the motion of an object when
not influenced by outside forces. Of
course, essentially all objects are influenced by outside forces and the most
important issue in the matter of mechanics is how an object moves in that
state. This
problem is solved by Newton's second law of motion and famous and can be
regarded as the laws of classical physics is the most important. The
second law (as described matcmatik dcngan equation F = ma) stipulates that the
acceleration of an object is equal to the net force divided by the mass of
objects. To
Newton's second law adds the famous third law of motion (assert that in every
action, such as physical strength, there is a reaction similar to that
conflict) as well as the most famous discovery of scientific principles,
universal law of gravity. The
fourth of the present law, if combined, would form a unified system that
applies for the whole macro system mechanics, ranging from pergoyangan pendulum
motion to the planets in orbit around the sun that can be controlled and
predictable movements. Newton
did not just set the laws of mechanics, but he himself also using a
mathematical calculus, and show that these fundamental formulas can be used for
solving problems.
Newton's laws can be and has been used in large scale
scientific fields as well as fields of designing various technical equipment. In
his lifetime, the most dramatic pemraktekan is in the field of astronomy. In this sector, even
Newton standing at the front. In
1678 Newton published his book famous mathematical principles of natural
philosophy regarding (usually summarized Principia only). In
the book Newton put forward his theory of gravity and the laws of the laws of
motion. He
shows how these laws can be used to accurately predict the movements of the
planets around the sun. The
main problem is the astronomical movements how to estimate the exact position
and movement kemintang star and planets, thus fully solved by Newton just a
sambar. For
his work that Newton is often considered the greatest astronomer of the biggest
of all.
What is our assessment of the importance of scholarly
Newton? If
we open the index open encyclopedia of science, we will encounter along with
particulars regarding Newton's laws and its findings on two or three times more
than the particulars of any scientist, too. Leibniz
great scholar said that in no way close to Newton even been involved in a
heated argument: "Of all the things related to the world of mathematics
from start to grow until the Newton, one that gives the best
contribution." Also praise given by the great French scholar, Laplace:
"Newton's book Principia is far above all the product of human genius in
the world." And Langrange often said that Newton was the greatest genius
who ever lived. While
Ernst Mach in writing in 1901 said, "All the mathematical problems that
have been solved since the days of his life is the basis of the development of
mechanics based on Newton's laws." This is probably the major discovery of
Newton's most complicated: he found the container separation between the facts
and the law ,
is able to describe some of the magic, but not much help to the allegations;
she left us a continuum laws that can be used for physics problems in a very
broad scope of confidential and contain the possibility to do the right
guesses.
In the description of the so concise, it is impossible to
reveal in detail the discoveries of Newton. As
a result, many of the works rather less well known are forced to set aside even
have an important meaning in terms of discoveries in the field of their own
problems. Newton
also made great contributions in the field of thermodynamics (the investigation
of the heat) and in the field of acoustics (the science of sound). And
he also who presents a crystal clear explanation of how the principles of
physics of "preservation" of the motion that is not wasted and the
"preservation" of the angular motion of something. The
discovery of the queue if you want to be extended again: Newtonlah person who
invented the binomial theorem in mathematics is very logical and justifiable. Want to add more? He
also, none other than, the first to express conclusively the origins of the
particulars of the stars.
Well, now because this: Newton put it most thumbs
scientists of all scientists who have ever lived on earth. Most
sheen like emerald in the center stack stone. Put so. However,
there may be people who question what the reasons put Newton in the giant
frontman politicians such as Alexander the Great or George Washington, and
called ahead than major religious figures such as Jesus or Buddha Gautama. Why should it?
I reason like this. It
is true that political changes are important if not imperative. Even
so, however, also generally the largest life hardly much difference between
them in the days of five hundred years after Alexander died with them in the
days of five hundred before Alexander emerged from his mother's womb. In
other words, the way people live in the year 1500 AD arguably analogous to the
way of life the son of great-great-great-grandson of their son in the year 1500
before Christ. Now, look
from the point of development of science. In
the past five centuries, thanks to modern scientific discoveries, the way of
life of everyday people are experiencing great revolution. How
to dress differently, eat different ways, ways of working and manifold. In
fact, a relaxed way of life lazed was not at all similar to what was done one
time in 1500 AD. Scientific
discoveries have revolutionized not only the technology and economics, but also
had to totally change the political, religious thought, art and philosophy. Very
langkalah aspects of human life are still "squatting in place" not
moved an inch even with the scientific revolution. The
reason for this reason-once again-that became the reason why so many scientists
and inventors of new ideas contained in this book list. Newton
is not only the most intelligent brain smart brain in a long line, but at the
same time he was the most influential figure in the development of scientific
theory. That's
why he got the honor to occupy nearly the top in the order of many of the most
influential men in human history. Newton's
final breath in 1727, buried in Westminster Abbey, the first scientist to
obtain that kind of respect.
- Method of Fluxions (1671)
- De Motu Corporum (1684)
- Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687)
- Opticks (1704)
- Reports as Master of the Mint (1701-1725)
- Arithmetica Universalis (1707)
- An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture(1754)
Reference:
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton
http://www.googlebottle.com/tokoh-dunia/isaac-newton.html
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